The centrosomes (which had duplicated during interphase) separate and move to opposite sides of the nucleus. In addition to chromosome condensation, cytoplasmic changes leading to the development of the mitotic spindle initiate during prophase. The condensed sister chromatids are then held together at the centromere, which (as discussed in Chapter 4) is a DNA sequence to which proteins bind to form the kinetochore-the site of eventual attachment of the spindle microtubules. These newly replicated DNA molecules remain intertwined throughout S and G 2, becoming untangled during the process of chromatin condensation. The beginning of prophase is marked by the appearance of condensed chromosomes, each of which consists of two sister chromatids (the daughter DNA molecules produced in S phase). Mitosis is conventionally divided into four stages- prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase-which are illustrated for an animal cell in Figures 14.23 and 14.24. Sister chromatids then separate from each other and move to opposite poles of the spindle, followed by the formation of daughter nuclei. These basic events of mitosis include chromosome condensation, formation of the mitotic spindle, and attachment of chromosomes to the spindle microtubules. Information contained in your Infringement Notice is accurate, and (c) under penalty of perjury, that you areĮither the copyright owner or a person authorized to act on their behalf.Although many of the details of mitosis vary among different organisms, the fundamental processes that ensure the faithful segregation of sister chromatids are conserved in all eukaryotes. Your copyright is not authorized by law, or by the copyright owner or such owner’s agent (b) that all of the Your name, address, telephone number and email address andĪ statement by you: (a) that you believe in good faith that the use of the content that you claim to infringe Which specific portion of the question – an image, a link, the text, etc – your complaint refers to Link to the specific question (not just the name of the question) that contains the content and a description of ![]() Sufficient detail to permit Varsity Tutors to find and positively identify that content for example we require Please follow these steps to file a notice:Ī physical or electronic signature of the copyright owner or a person authorized to act on their behalf Īn identification of the copyright claimed to have been infringed Ī description of the nature and exact location of the content that you claim to infringe your copyright, in \ On or linked-to by the Website infringes your copyright, you should consider first contacting an attorney. ![]() Thus, if you are not sure content located Misrepresent that a product or activity is infringing your copyrights. Please be advised that you will be liable for damages (including costs and attorneys’ fees) if you materially Your Infringement Notice may be forwarded to the party that made the content available or to third parties such Means of the most recent email address, if any, provided by such party to Varsity Tutors. Infringement Notice, it will make a good faith attempt to contact the party that made such content available by If Varsity Tutors takes action in response to Information described below to the designated agent listed below. ![]() Or more of your copyrights, please notify us by providing a written notice (“Infringement Notice”) containing If you believe that content available by means of the Website (as defined in our Terms of Service) infringes one After the M phase is the separation of the cytoplasm, known as cytokinesis, which results in two distinct daughter cells. This is followed by the reformation of the nuclear envelope, uncoiling of the DNA, and disappearance of the spindle fibers. During the last phase of mitosis, telophase, the two sets of chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the cell. Next, during anaphase, the centromeres holding the sister chromatids together are divided and the sister chromatids are pulled apart by the spindle fibers to opposite poles of the diving cell. The spindle fibers are completely formed and are attached to each sister chromatid of the chromosomes. In the next phase, metaphase, the chromosomes line up along the metaphasic plate. In prophase, each chromosome becomes condensed and more visible, and there is the breakdown of the nuclear membrane and appearance of spindle fibers. Mitosis has four sequential stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. This allows for the separation of each sister chromatid into its respective daughter cell. The division of the centromeres occurs during anaphase. Centromeres are the structures at the center of each chromosome that hold the sister chomatids together.
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